Wall construction.



F. KOCH.- WALL comm-110mm APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 1908.

Patnteo'i May 11, 11909.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

F. KOCH.

. WALL OONSTRUUTION. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 19 08.

Patented May 11,. 1909,

gm mo 2 SHEETS-$111451 2. r

FRITZ Koch, or ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

' wsLLoonsrn-uc'non.

To all whom 'it concern.

Be it known that I, FRITZ KooH', a citizen of theUnitedStates, residing at St. Paul, in

the county of Ramsey-and State of Min My invention relates to improvements in wall construction of the kind where the wall is built up of tiles or building blocks made from clay or other plastic ,material. Such blocks are usually molded by forcing the clay continuously through a die, from which the clay emerges in a slab, which is afterward cut by suitable machinery into blocks of the desired length. By usin a die of'the requisite shape,'the blocks may 'ef-formed with one or.;

more longitudinal openings or bo'res'extending entirely throughthem, so that they will be open at both ends, as shown in the drawings. If these hollow blocks are laid endto end lengthwise of the "course, so that the opening in one will register with the opening in the'next, or even if the solid fiat-si e of a block' is laced against the open end of the adjacent ollow block, the openended block does not afford surfaceenough to .hold the mortarv or plaster in the joint between the blocks, particularly when the joint is vertical, I

so thatthe mortar works loose and drops ,down, leaving the joint open. And the mortar cannot be easily replaced between'tl blocks'a'fter the'wall is built. T For these reasons such-blocks are seldom used in making outside walls. r

It is the object of this invention to overcome th e objections by combining with I these .0 en" ended blocks, which are laid lengthwlse of, the course as stretcher blocks, certainother blocks, which serve as header blocks, so constructedas' to afiord a lar e cooperating surface at the joint, where y the mortar will be packed, retained,- supported and anchored, and whereby the meetingsurfaces of the stretcher and header blocks will interlock and afford mutual cooperatin sup. ort.

A furt er 0 jectof the inventionis to construct the'blocks so that there shall be some cooperating surface between the blocks of eac andbelow it.

In carrying outthe invention it must be borne in mind that whatevershape is given to the block must be such as can be formed by forcing the clay continuously through the nesota, have invented certain new and use-- ful Improvements in Wall Construction, of j which the following is a specificatioi'i.

course and the blocks'of the courses above of parts hereinafter Patented May 1 1,1'909.

die, and that in 'layin the blocks the solid flat sides thereof must e on the outside so as to form a solid unperforated wall.

' To this end the invention consists in 'the construction, combination and arrangement jand'claimed; a -In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is aperparticularly. described spective view of the discharge end of a block-" molding. machine; showing the clay being I forced through the die to form a block; Fig.2 is a (perspective view of a block designed to be use as a stretcher block; Fig.3 a per "spective view of a header block intended to belaid crosswise of the course; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a stretcher block ada ted to be used for a wall of double thickness ig. 5 is a ers ective view of a header blockadapte -to e used for a wall of double thickness; Fig. 6. is a perspective view of a fragment of a wall .built up of blocks of single thickness, such as those shown in Figs. 2 and 3; Fig. 7 is a side view of a headerblock fitted 'into place between two adjacent stretcher blocks, the wall being shown part1 broken 'awa Fig. 8 is a fragment of'a wal built of bloc shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a fragment. ofa modified form of block.

V Asshown in the drawings, A represents th discharge end of a so-called'auger machine, and B a slab or piece of clay eing forced through the die 2-.

ed blank B of plastic clay is formed on each side with a longitudinal rib 3, the die 2 being so sha )ed as to give the clay this form. By suitable mechanism, which need not be here described, the molded blank B, while still plastic, is cut up into suitable lengths .to form the blocks,-while at the same time the rib 3 is cut awayat each end of the block, and, when desired, at such intermediate points as will leave the desired projections upon the block.

In the drawings I have, shown a blank formed or molded with a single or longitudinal opening 4. This blank isv especially ada ted for what I have here called header bloc s, "such as they single thickness'block C As here shown the 1n0ld-' projection or of double thickness such as "those or o )enings 5', one above the other, such as the lock D shown in Fig. 2, the header block C is preferably formed with two pro-' jections 6 upon its sidewall. These projections are so positioned and spaced that, when p the block is placed on end, the projections will enter the two bores or openings, respectively, of the block D, and almost seal the same, as shown in Fig. 7.

The rojections are formed by cuttin awa ther', 3 at each end, and at the midd e, as est shown in Fig. 3, where the cut-away portions of the rib-are indicated in finely dotted lines.

.- The stretcher blocks may .be made with oneor more longitudinal openings as maybe desired, and of singleor double thickness. In Fig. 2 is shown a single thickness stretcher block formed interiorly with two openings, one above the other, and exteriorly with a single central rojeetion 7 on its top and bottom walls; I his projection is madein-the manner above described, naineiy by forming a longitudinalrib upon the outside of'the 4 block and then cutting-the rib, away at the ends'ofthe block. 7

In building a sin le thickness wall, the open ended stretcher blocks'D are-laid length- Wise in horizontal courses with their openings extending horizontally through them.. Between everv two adjacent stretcher blocks is placed a header 'bloclcG. The header blockis placed upon end so thatthe projec-' tions 6 upon its side will extend into the 'correspondin horizontal openings 5 in the blocks D. T us when the mortar is laid' in the joint against and around the projections 6, and the blocks are; ressed together,-the mortar will not only ll 'the'vertical space between the endof the stretcher block and the side wall of the header block, gbutwill.

also enter the bore of thestretcher and fill the space between the inside of the stretcherwalls and the projections on the header. Thus the mortar will harden in the shape of an angle-piece or hook and be held. or-anopen ends of thestretcher blocks.

chored in place. The projections also enable a lar er, portion of the stretcher blocks to be used as a holding surface for the IIIOI". tar, besides themselves interlocking with'the The second course of blocks. is laid upon the first course as shown. in Fig. 6., each header 50 block being laid upri ht-upon the middle of an underlyin stretc ier block, and each stretcher block eing laid centrally over an i underlying header block. Thus the bottom ,uiipontlxose side walls which are to be used as top and hottom walls as the him-la: are laid.

it will be forced throng and lit the vertical openin s 4 of the header blocks arranged .above an below.

Foruse in walls of double thickness I have shown a wide stretcher block E formed with two bores 01' openings 8 arran ed side by side, 'as' seen 1n, F1g.'4, and a W1 e cooperating header.. block ,F, shown inFig. 5, having two bcres 'or o enings' 10 arranged side by side. The hea' er block is formed upon its side walls .of greaterwidth with two projections 11, which, when the blockis laced on end/as shown; in Fig. 5, will stan side by side and fit within the openingsv 8 of the stretcher block. E. The wall is laid with these-blocks E. andjF', in the same manner as the single thickness wall. The double thickness structure is-shown inFig. 8. Iprefer to form the-stretcher block E with two central projections 9 upon those side walls which are to form the topand bottom walls, as the blocks are laid. These projections will fit within the vertical openings 10 of the header blocks arranged above and below, and form a holding surface for the mortar.

In Fig. 9 is shown a block wherein the projections are not made in solid blocks, but consist of .pairs of s ace'd ribs 12, In this form, as well'as in t e forms shown in Figs.

4 and 5, the die of the tile making machine must .be so shaped as to 'form upon ,what I v have called the clay blank two longitudinal spacedribs, instead of one as shown in Fig.1. Butin all of the forms the method of construction is the same. That is, the die is soshaped as to form upon the clay, as it is forced t rough the mold, one or more continuous longitudinal ribs, which are then cut away wherever necessary to form the projections here shown and described.

Iha've hereinbefore referred to the impossibility of effectively replacing the mortar in a vertical jointbetween blocks of ordinary construction when they are in place in the wall. If the mortar is pressed into the joint,

past the shell of the 0 en ended block. In the resent invention t e projections will form aliutments to hold and retain the mortar, when the same is pressed into the joint.

I claim as my invention:

1. A wall constructed of hollow open ended blocks of two kinds, those of one kind being arranged in courses with theirhollow portions extending lengthwise of the same, and

those of the ot er kind being arranged alter- "nately in courses 'withthe said lengthwise laid blocks and having their hollow portions extending vertically and being provided withprojections on their abutting sides fitted in the open ends of the said lengthwise laid blocks and substantially filling the same, so as to coeperate with the sides thereof in holding the mortar. v l. A. wall r nstmrtod of hollow open ended Moths f mo lands, sigma of nth: him wllll i lav arranged in courses with their hollow por l tion's extending lengthwlse of the same, and

' vertically extending blocks the other kind arranged zilterimtely, in courses with said lengthwise laidblocks and having their hollow portions extending vertically, and being provided on their abutting sides with projections fitted in the hollow open ends of the, abutting blovks and substantially filling the some, so as to cooperate with the inner sides oi said blocks iii holding mortar, sa'id lengthwise lz-rirl blocks having projections on their upper and lower faces extending into the hollow open ends of the and substantially filling the some.

In testimony whereof l nllix my signature in n-esence of two witnesses.

FRITZ KOCH.

Witnesses ARTHUR P. Lo'rimor, HATTIE SMITH. 

